Parameter Binding

Use PreparedStatement to bind values to ?. Parameter indexes start at 1. Write collection and field names directly in the command.

Scalar Parameters

Use setByte / setShort / setInt / setLong for integers, setFloat / setDouble for floating-point values, setBoolean for booleans, and setString for strings. You can also pass the corresponding Java value with setObject.

Use setNull to write null to a nullable field. Pass strings as-is, without adding quotes or escaping them yourself.

Note

BigInteger values must fit in INT64. Writing BigDecimal to DOUBLE may lose precision.

Vector and Array Parameters

Bind these values with setObject. The target field type determines the input format.

Field type	Accepted Java values
FLOAT_VECTOR(n)	Numeric List or numeric primitive array.
BINARY_VECTOR(n)	byte[], ByteBuffer, or a List of byte values (-128 to 255).
INT8_VECTOR(n)	byte[], ByteBuffer, numeric List, or numeric primitive array; each element must be an integer from -128 to 127.
FLOAT16_VECTOR(n)	Numeric List or numeric primitive array; use byte[] or ByteBuffer for encoded data.
BFLOAT16_VECTOR(n)	Numeric List or numeric primitive array; use byte[] or ByteBuffer for encoded data.
SPARSE_FLOAT_VECTOR	Nonempty Map with nonnegative integer dimension indexes as keys and finite floating-point weights as values.
ARRAY<BOOL>(capacity)	boolean[], Boolean List, or java.sql.Array.
ARRAY<INT32>(capacity)	int[], Integer List, or java.sql.Array.
ARRAY<VARCHAR(length)>(capacity)	String[], String List, or java.sql.Array.

Numeric primitive arrays are byte[] / short[] / int[] / long[] / float[] / double[]. Bind other ARRAY element types in the same way. Elements must match the field definition and cannot be null.

Encoded Bytes

For FLOAT16_VECTOR and BFLOAT16_VECTOR, byte[] contains little-endian encoded data, with two bytes per dimension, not individual numeric values. The driver encodes float[] inputs for you. A ByteBuffer is read from position to limit without changing its position.

Binding Example

This fragment uses an open conn and assumes that items has fields id INT64, tags ARRAY<VARCHAR(30)>(8), and embedding FLOAT_VECTOR(2).

String sql = "INSERT INTO items (id, tags, embedding) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
try (PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
    ps.setLong(1, 1L);
    ps.setObject(2, new String[] {"java", "milvus"});
    ps.setObject(3, new float[] {0.1F, 0.2F});
    ps.executeUpdate();
}

Vector parameters in queries also use setObject; see Executing Commands. For multi-row input formats, see INSERT.